The BOLD contrast mechanism has a complex relationship with functional brain activity,
oxygen metabolism, and neurovascular factors. Accurate interpretation of the BOLD signal …

The blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) phenomenon has profoundly
revolutionized neuroscience, with applications ranging from normal brain development and …

Calibrated BOLD imaging, in which traditional measurements of the BOLD signal are
combined with measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) within a BOLD biophysical …

Neural activity in the brain is accompanied by changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and
blood oxygenation that are detectable with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a relatively young tool for understanding
how the brain's activities contribute to physical and psychological processes. In the roughly …

The BOLD signal reflects hemodynamic events within the brain, which in turn are driven by
metabolic changes and neural activity. However, the link between BOLD changes and …

Decreases in stimulus-dependent blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal and
their underlying neurovascular origins have recently gained considerable interest. In this …

This personal recollection looks at the evolution of ideas about the dynamics of the blood
oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal, with an emphasis on the balloon model. From …

An ongoing question in functional MRI is precisely how measured signal changes relate to
neuronal activity. While this question has been probed using animal models and …

Unambiguous interpretation of changes in the BOLD signal is challenging because of the
complex neurovascular coupling that translates changes in neuronal activity into the …