Objective: Gut microbial metabolism of dietary choline, a nutrient abundant in a Western diet,
produces trimethylamine (TMA) and the atherothrombosis-and fibrosis-promoting metabolite …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have elevated circulating levels of
trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite derived from gut microbes and associated with …

Rationale: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial-dependent metabolite of dietary
choline, phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), and l-carnitine, is elevated in chronic kidney …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an enhanced risk of cardiovascular (CV)
morbidity and mortality when compared with age-and gender-matched individuals with …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Impaired endothelial function, a key initiating step in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
(CVDs). The present study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota and blood trimethylamine …

Gut microbiota produce Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) by metabolizing dietary
phosphatidylcholine, choline, l-carnitine and betaine. TMAO is implicated in the …

Emerging evidence shows that obesity induces renal injury and is an independent risk factor
for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), even without diabetes or …

Gut microbiota-dependent Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been reported to be strongly
linked to renal function and to increased cardiovascular events in the general population …

Background and Purpose Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem
and one of the leading causes of all‐cause mortality. However, the pathogenic mechanisms …