BACKGROUND: Anticholinergics and β2-agonists have generally been considered
equivalent choices for bronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

This review summarizes the long-term clinical outcomes associated with β-agonist and
anticholinergic bronchodilator use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Much controversy surrounds the use of β-agonists in obstructive lung disease. Regular β 2-
agonist use in asthma results in tolerance to its effects and an increase in asthma-related …

Background Inhaled bronchodilators form the mainstay of treatment for acute exacerbations
of COPD. Two types of agent are used routinely, either singly or in combination …

Context Inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide or tiotropium bromide) are widely
used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but their effect on the …

Background Most patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receive
inhaled long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids. Conventional meta …

This document provides clinical recommendations for the prevention of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. It represents a collaborative effort between the …

Bronchodilators are the mainstay of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) therapy.
Inhaled short-acting β2-agonists generally have a more rapid onset of effect and shorter …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a substantial health burden.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death, frequently coexists with COPD …

Study Objective. To assess the comparative efficacy of pharmacologic agents for the
maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design …