The complement system has been considered for a long time as a simple lytic cascade,
aimed to kill bacteria infecting the host organism. Nowadays, this vision has changed and it …

The human organism is constantly exposed to microbes and infectious agents and
consequently has developed a complex and highly efficient immune defense which is aimed …

The complement system has long been known to be a major element of innate immunity.
Traditionally, it was regarded as the first line of defense against invading pathogens, leading …

Complement has long been considered a key innate immune effector system that mediates
host defence and tissue homeostasis. Yet, growing evidence has illuminated a broader …

As a preformed defense system, complement faces a delicate challenge in providing an
immediate, forceful response to pathogens even at first encounter, while sparing host cells in …

The complement system was discovered a century ago as a potent defense cascade of
innate immunity. After its first description, continuous experimental and clinical research was …

The complement system was traditionally known as an effector arm of humoral immunity.
Today we also recognize it as a main element of the innate immune system. In blood and …

Complement is part of the innate immune defence and not only recognizes microbes but
also unwanted host molecules to enhance phagocytosis and clearance. This process of …

Although the complement system is primarily perceived as a host defence system, a more
versatile, yet potentially more harmful side of this innate immune pathway as an …

The complement system is important for cellular integrity and tissue homeostasis.
Complement activation mediates the removal of microorganisms and the clearance of …