Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), including phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA),
phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and …

Many endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) adversely impact estrogen signaling by
interacting with two estrogen receptors (ERs): ERα and ERβ. Though the receptors have …

A large number of diverse nonsteroidal chemicals, referred to as xenoestrogens, bind to the
estrogen receptor (ER) and evoke biological responses. The activity of most xenoestrogens …

In all vertebrate species, estrogens play a crucial role in the development, growth, and
function of reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. A large number of natural or synthetic …

[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s110-118, January 1, 2003] 110 XENOESTROGEN EXPOSURE
AND MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION David W. Page 1 [Frontiers in Bioscience …

Industrial-derived endocrine disruptors or endocrine-active chemicals (EACs) have been
identified and hypothesized to play a role in human disease. Most of the xeno-EACs which …

An exogenous substance is defined as an endocrine disrupter chemical (EDC) if it alters the
function of the endocrine system provoking adverse health effects. Environmental estrogens …

A comprehensive summary of more than 450 estrogenic chemicals including estrogenic
endocrine disruptors is provided here to understand the complex and profound impact of …

Estrogen-like chemicals are unique compared to nonestrogenic xenobiotics, because in
addition to their chemical properties, the estrogenic property of these compounds allows …

Estrogens exert profound effects on growth, differentiation, and function of many
reproductive tissues. They also affect other tissues, including bone, liver, cardiovascular …