Heart failure is a growing health issue as a negative consequence of improved survival
upon myocardial infarction, unhealthy lifestyle, and the ageing of our population. The large …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine expressed
in the cardiovascular system. GDF-15 is emerging as a biomarker of cardiometabolic risk …

Background: Several diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are being explored in heart
failure. GDF-15 belongs to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) cytokine family that is …

Context: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a novel cytokine showing close
association with cardiovascular diseases. The biological mechanism and clinical use of GDF …

Background—Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is emerging as a prognostic
biomarker in patients with coronary artery disease. Little is known about GDF-15 as a …

Aims Heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFnEF) is an important clinical entity that
remains incompletely understood. The novel biomarker growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF …

ABSTRACT Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth
factor-β superfamily that has garnered significant attention due to its anti-cardiac aging …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a cytokine upregulated in multiple
pathological conditions where oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, tissue aging, and …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor-(GDF-) 15 is a stress-responsive cytokine that is
emerging as a biomarker of cardiac and vascular dysfunction and disease. Elevated …

Background: Previous studies had reported increased circulating concentrations of growth
differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in chronic heart failure (CHF), suggesting the potential …