Abstract Importance Professional American football players are concerned that artificial turf
playing surfaces and extended seasons increase health risks, but existing research is …

Background: Artificial turf fields and environmental conditions may influence sports
concussion risk, but existing research is limited by uncontrolled confounding factors, limited …

Objective The use of cost-saving artificial playing surfaces continues to grow in popularity;
now outnumbering natural grass by a 3: 1 ration in NCAA football. The relationship of …

The incidence of concussions in football, and the ensuing media attention, has garnered
scientific investigation, prompted technological advances in protective gear, and altered the …

Context Increasing attention has been directed toward identifying aspects of football
participation for targeted policy change that reduces the concussion risk. Prior researchers …

The modern field of concussion research contains a wealth of information on intrinsic or
player-specific risk factors for concussion likelihood (ie, past history of concussion) and …

Background: Concussion in American football, and specifically the National Football League
(NFL) is a major area of interest and key focus for injury prevention. Complete and accurate …

Despite evolutionary changes in protective equipment, head injury remains common in
football. We investigated concussion in football and associated epidemiologic issues such …

Background: Increasing efforts have been made to reduce the incidence and severity of
concussion in high-contact sports. Despite these efforts, a relative lack of knowledge is …

Statement of purpose Estimate rates of sport-related concussion (SRC) in high school
football and evaluate a rule change over 5 seasons. Methods/Approach The Michigan High …