Progress in most areas of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry depends upon the
availability of highly selective molecular probes. The opioid field is a case in point. With the …

Affinity labels have proven to be useful tools in opioid research. We review experiments
carried out with the μ opioid receptor affinity label, β-funaltrexamine (2), that support the …

The concept of multiple opioid receptors and multiple modes of interaction with a single
receptor emanated from two convergent lines of research. This proposal was based …

This chapter will deal primarily with what researchers have been able to learn about the
properties of opioid receptors, or more precisely, of opioid binding sites, by isolating and …

Bivalent ligands are molecules which contain two pharmacophores linked by a connecting
chain (spanner). The present report describes the use of oxymorphamine (Oxy) and …

The development of biochemical techniques to quantitatively determine the interaction of
drugs or neurotransmitters with their receptor site (s) was understandably met with …

A historical review of the early phases of molecular investigations of opioid receptors is
presented. The 'modern'era of molecular studies of neurotransmitter and drug receptor …

Opiates have been the most widely investigated class of natural products. 1 The two most
prominent opiates, morphine and codeine, have had a long history of use and abuse …

Significant advances in opioid research rely heavily on the use of selective ligands as tools.
Although the opioid antagonists naloxone 1 and naltrexone 2 have been employed …

Affinity labels derived from opioid ligands have provided a useful approach to aid in the
pharmacologic and structural characterization of opioid receptors. 1 Electrophilic affinity …