In 1987, a tremendous boost in our understanding of the action of dietary vitamin A occurred
with the discovery and characterization of nuclear receptors for retinoic acid, the active form …

Retinoic acid is essential for the normal differentiation of epithelia but its cellular function is
obscure. The expression patterns of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in skin cell types may …

Retinoicacid (RA) exerts profound effects on the de-velopment and homeostatic properties
of many endo-dermally, mesodermally, and ectodermally derived tissues (Lotan, 1980; …

Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-α and-β transcripts are expressed in rat and human skin, and
in rat and human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro. RAR-α transcripts (ca. 2.8 and …

Retinoic acid (RA) is known to exert profound effects on growth and differentiation in a
variety of cell types in the skin. In vitro studies have also shown that RA modulates gene …

Retinoids are essential for normal epidermal growth and differentiation and show potential
for the prevention or treatment of various epithelial neoplasms. The retinoic acid receptors …

The discovery of retinoic acid receptors arose from research into how vitamins are essential
for life. Early studies indicated that Vitamin A was metabolized into an active factor, retinoic …

Vitamin A derivatives (retinoids) affect a large variety of fundamental biological processes.
Understanding of the signaling mechanism has been greatly advanced by the cloning of …

“Retinoid” refers to the naturally occurring compounds with vitamin A activity and to synthetic
analogues of retinol. Retinoids are key regulators of differentiation, proliferation, and …

Vitamin A derivatives plays a crucial role in embryonic development, as demonstrated by the
teratogenic effect of either an excess or a deficiency in vitamin A. Retinoid effects extend …