There is a good deal of clinical evidence suggesting that compulsion to resume drug taking
is an important part of the addiction syndrome. The symptoms comprising motivation to …

Drug dependence has long been a problem that, on the surface, is puzzling and
contradictory. The person who is dependent on drugs will repeatedly return to drug use …

A decade ago, we hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from
voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by …

REPEATED use of narcotics in man is generally agreed to be based both on the pleasurable
effects of the drugs and on their effects in terminating the pain of narcotic withdrawal …

Environmental cues associated with drug use become capable of eliciting withdrawal
symptoms, craving and relapse to drug self‐administration. The phenomenon, although …

Compulsive drug use, which is typically portrayed as a defining quality of addictive behavior,
has been described as a pattern of drug consumption that is stimulus bound, stereotyped …

Not the mere procurement and use of drugs, but the fact that patterns of seeking and taking
become compulsive after prolonged drug use is a defining characteristic of drug addiction …

Relapse is a major characteristic of drug addiction, and remains the primary problem in
treating drug abuse. Without an understanding of the factors that determine renewed drug …

Abstract provide an overview and evaluation of classical conditioning theories of addictive
behavior/although the primary focus will be on the relevant human data, the models will also …

Repetitive use of psychoactive drugs produces a variety of learned behaviors. These can be
classified in the laboratory according to an operant/classical paradigm, but in vivo the two …