The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria acts as a barrier against harmful lipophilic
compounds and larger molecules unable to diffuse freely through the porins. However, outer …

Gram-negative bacteria characteristically are surrounded by an additional membrane layer,
the outer membrane. Although outer membrane components often play important roles in …

Abstract The Tol proteins of Escherichia coli are involved in outer membrane stability. They
are also required for the uptake of the group A colicins and the translocation of filamentous …

The TolA protein is involved in maintaining the integrity of the outer membrane of
Escherichia coli, as mutations in tolA cause the bacteria to become hypersensitive to …

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria provides an effective barrier to their
often-harsh extracellular milieu. In particular, the outer leaflet of the OM is not a canonical …

TolB is a periplasmic protein of the cell envelope Tol complex. It is partially membrane
associated through an interaction with the outer membrane lipoprotein PAL (peptidoglycan …

The Tol–Pal system of the Escherichia coli envelope is formed from the inner membrane
TolQ, TolR and TolA proteins, the periplasmic TolB protein and the outer membrane Pal …

Summary The TonB system of Gram‐negative bacteria appears to exist for the purpose of
transducing the protonmotive force energy from the cytoplasmic membrane, where it is …

The TonB protein plays a key role in the energy‐coupled transport of iron siderophores, of
vitamin B12, and of colicins of the B‐group across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. In …

Cell division in Caulobacter crescentus involves constriction and fission of the inner
membrane (IM) followed about 20 min later by fission of the outer membrane (OM) and …