Microglia are activated in humans following infection with human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), and brain inflammation is thought to be involved in neuronal injury and dysfunction …

The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) regulatory protein Tat is produced in the
early phase of infection and is essential for virus replication. Together with other viral …

We have extended our previous findings and shown that human immunodeficiency virus Tat
protein, in addition to nitric oxide (NO), stimulated rat microglial cultures to release pro …

Impaired inflammatory functions may be critical factors in the mechanisms by which HIV-1
enters the CNS. Evidence indicates that a viral gene product, the protein Tat, can markedly …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may cause a dementing illness. HIV-
mediated dementia is clinically and pathologically correlated with the infiltration of activated …

Background HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) exist in approximately 50% of
infected individuals even after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV-1 …

The pathological correlates of dementia due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection are glial cell activation and cytokine dysregulation. These findings occur in the …

HIV-1 transactivating protein Tat is neurotoxic and is believed to play a role in the
development of AIDS-associated dementia complex. Neurotoxicity of Tat may be associated …

Impaired function of the brain vasculature might contribute to the development of HIV‐
associated dementia. For example, injury or dysfunction of brain microvascular endothelial …

In order to establish whether the neurotoxicity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) regulatory protein Tat could be related to the production of potentially toxic …