Over the past decade, a battery of powerful tools that encompass forward and reverse
genetic approaches have been developed to dissect the molecular and cellular processes …

Genetically encoded imaging reporters introduced into cells and transgenic animals enable
noninvasive, longitudinal studies of dynamic biological processes in vivo. The most common …

Background Advances in optical imaging modalities and the continued evolution of
genetically-encoded fluorescent proteins are coming together to facilitate the study of cell …

Many mouse models are currently available, providing avenues to elucidate gene function
and to recapitulate specific pathological conditions. To a large extent, successful translation …

Fluorescent protein technology has evolved to include genetically encoded biosensors that
can monitor levels of ions, metabolites, and enzyme activities as well as protein …

Morphological observations have driven the course of biology ever since the first
microscope was built in the late sixteenth century. Molecular imaging is a rapidly emerging …

A major challenge in neuroscience is to understand how universal behaviors, such as
sensation, movement, cognition, and emotion, arise from the interactions of specific cells that …

The use of transgenic animals in biomedical research is increasing rapidly and may be the
best means of determining gene function. Generating transgenic animals typically requires …

The stable transgenesis of genes encoding functional or spatially localized proteins, fused to
fluorescent proteins such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein …

Modern biomedical research is gradually tightening its grip on the genetic basis of common
diseases by studying complete genomes, transcriptomes, and other complex biological …