Multitrophic interactions are powerful forces shaping the structure of living communities.
Plants encounter a great diversity of organisms in their environment: some of these …

It is widely reported that plants emit volatile compounds when they are attacked by
herbivorous insects, which may be used by parasitoids and predators to locate their host or …

Herbivory on the above-ground plant parts can induce the production of volatiles that attract
carnivorous enemies of the herbivores. These volatiles may be induced systemically in the …

Plants are members of complex communities and function as a link between above-and
below-ground organisms. Associations between plants and soil-borne microbes commonly …

Leaf‐herbivore attack often triggers induced resistance in plants. However, certain specialist
herbivores can also take advantage of the induced metabolic changes. In some cases, they …

Indirect plant defences are well documented for the above‐ground constituents of plants.
Although less investigated to date, below‐ground defences that mediate multitrophic …

In this review we will discuss three main areas of research in plant–parasitic plant
interactions. In the first section, we will deal with the physiology and biochemistry of the plant …

Plants can be attacked by arthropods both above and below ground. The ensuing systemic
defense response of the plant can affect even the most distant tissues. Both primary and …

Herbivore‐damaged plants emit volatile organic compounds that attract natural enemies of
the herbivores. This form of indirect plant defence occurs aboveground as well as …

Plants are simultaneously attacked by a multitude of herbivores that affect plant responses
and plant-mediated interactions in a variety of ways. So far, studies on indirect interactions …