Background & Aims: Recent evidence suggests that toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize
certain viruses. We reported that hepatitis C virus (HCV) core and nonstructural 3 (NS3) …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease through sustained
inflammation of the liver produced by the host's immune system. The mechanism for HCV …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces a wide range of chronic liver injuries; however, the
mechanism through which HCV evades the immune surveillance system remains obscure …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces inflammatory signals, leading to hepatitis, hepatocellular
carcinomas, and lymphomas. The mechanism of HCV involvement in the host's innate …

Antiviral immunity requires recognition of viral pathogens and activation of cytotoxic and Th
cells by innate immune cells. In this study, we demonstrate that hepatitis C virus (HCV) core …

AIM: Hepatitis C virus often establishes chronic infections. Recent studies suggest that viral
and bacterial infections are more common in HCV-infected patients compared to controls …

Abstract Background: Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are involved in innate immunity. Certain
viruses interact with TLRs and mediate antiviral effects as well as immune responses. The …

Chemokines and inflammatory cytokines are key regulators of immunity and inflammation
during viral infections. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic RNA virus frequently …

Background/Aims Toll-like receptors (TLR's) are critical receptors that promote innate
immune responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Activation of TLR's leads to …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) interferes with interferon (IFN)‐mediated innate immune defenses.
Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7 agonists robustly inhibit HCV infection. We hypothesize that HCV …