This chapter is an epilogue on personality disorders. At the same time, it is a prologue on
temperament, which, after a long neglect, is now gaining momentum in world psychiatry …

The history of the temperament concept begins in ancient Greece. The humoral theory
remained influential over the centuries. At the beginning of the 20 th century, both Wilhelm …

Abstract brings together recent Anglo-American research efforts to delineate the
psychosocial matrix of affective disorders and more classical German contributions that have …

The hypothesis that temperament is linked to psychopathology can be traced to antiquity,
when Hippocrates, and later Galen, argued that particular" humors" were responsible for …

Personality and psychopathology long have been viewed as related domains, but the
precise nature of their relations remains unclear. Through most of the 20th century, they …

Beginning in the 1980s, a remarkable series of developments has led to the emergence of
temperament-based models of personality (see LA Clark & Watson, 1999; McCrae et al …

Temperament is an ancient concept. As early as the fifth century BC, Greek physicians
believed that health depended on a harmonious blend of the four" humors." Extending this …

Temperaments are permanent variations of personality, traits and ways of reacting that
characterize individuals and remain constant throughout several diverse situations …

The important role of affect or mood in personality has come to be recognized increasingly in
recent years, with temperament supplying the conceptual link between mood and …

Temperament is an ancient concept of psychological medicine, denoting the optimum mix of
emotional traits involving reactivity. Hippocratic medicine ascribed it to four humors and their …