OBJECTIVE: A primary behavioral pathology in drug addiction is the overpowering
motivational strength and decreased ability to control the desire to obtain drugs. In this …

Neurophysiologic processes underlie the uncontrolled, compulsive behaviors defining the
addicted state. These “hard-wired” changes in the brain are considered critical for the …

Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder that has been characterized by (1)
compulsion to seek and take the drug,(2) loss of control in limiting intake, and (3) emergence …

Addiction, the most severe form of substance use disorder, is a chronic brain disorder
molded by strong biosocial factors that has devastating consequences to individuals and to …

A number of dramatic breakthroughs in the neurobiology of addiction have occurred in the
past 40 years. Two domains will be highlighted: the neurocircuitry of addiction and the …

Drug addiction is a compulsive behavioral abnormality. In spite of pharmacological
treatments and psychosocial support to reduce or eliminate drug intake, addiction tends to …

Advances in neuroscience identified addiction as a chronic brain disease with strong
genetic, neurodevelopmental, and sociocultural components. We here discuss the circuit …

Addictive drugs have in common that they are voluntarily self-administered by laboratory
animals (usually avidly), and that they enhance the functioning of the reward circuitry of the …

Prime diagnostic criteria for drug addiction include uncontrollable urges to obtain drugs and
reduced behavioral responding for natural rewards. Cellular adaptations in the glutamate …

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