Apart from obvious signs of portal hypertension and chronic liver dysfunction, patients with
cirrhosis often present clinically with signs of circulatory dysfunction. Among these signs are …

Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension exhibit characteristic hemodynamic changes
with hyperkinetic systemic circulation, abnormal distribution of blood volume and …

Patients with cirrhosis exhibit characteristic hemodynamic changes with a hyperkinetic
circulation and an abnormal distribution of the blood volume and neurohumoral regulation …

Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension exhibit characteristic haemodynamic
changes with a hyperkinetic systemic circulation, abnormal distribution of the blood volume …

Much progress has been made in the recognition of factors involved in the pathogenesis of
the abnormal regulation of extracellular fluid volume in cirrhosis. It is now well established …

Ptents with advanced cirrhosis often present with increased heart rate and a systolic ejection
murmur, a tendency to reduced arterial pressure and wide pulse pressure, bounding pulse …

In the cirrhotic liver, distortion of the normal liver architecture occurs as a result of both
structural and vascular changes. Because of the arterial vasodilatation that occurs mainly in …

The hyperdynamic syndrome is a late consequence of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. The
principal hemodynamic manifestations of the hyperdynamic syndrome are high cardiac …

Hyperdynamic syndrome is a well-known clinical condition found in patients with cirrhosis
and portal hypertension, characterized by increased heart rate and cardiac output, and …

Kowalski and Abelman (1) described more than 40 years ago a hyperdynamic circulatory
syndrome in patients with advanced liver diseases. This syndrome, characterized by …