Nutritional micronutrient deficiencies and exposure to pollutant metals threaten human
health globally. Plant crops are at the beginning of a food chain that largely determines food …

Many trace metals are essential micronutrients, but also potent toxins. Due to natural and
anthropogenic causes, vastly different trace metal concentrations occur in various habitats …

Trace metal elements are essential for plant growth but become toxic at high concentrations,
while some non-essential elements, such as Cd and As, show toxicity even in traces. Thus …

Plants have developed finely tuned mechanisms to efficiently acquire and balance the
concentrations of essential metal micronutrients including iron, zinc, copper, and …

Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) are essential micronutrient mineral
elements for living organisms, as they regulate essential cellular processes, such as …

Transition metals such as copper are essential for many physiological processes yet can be
toxic at elevated levels. Other metals (eg lead) are nonessential and potentially highly toxic …

Heavy metals are required in plants as essential micronutrients or act as toxic compounds.
How do plants perceive heavy metals and which signalling cascades are triggered leading …

In the course of evolution, plants adapted to widely differing metal availabilities in soils and
therefore represent an important source of natural variation of metal homeostasis networks …

Heavy metals are often present naturally in soils, but many human activities (eg mining,
agriculture, sewage processing, the metal industry and automobiles) increase their …

Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to tightly control the acquisition and
distribution of copper and iron in response to environmental fluctuations. Recent studies with …