The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is the critical mediator of the vertebrate
stress response system, responding to environmental stressors by maintaining internal …

Stress, primarily processed via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, engages
biological pathways throughout the brain and body which promote adaptation and survival …

Large changes in our appreciation of stress networks have occurred in recent years
because of advances from basic animal work, the growing impetus of genetic studies, and …

Significant threats to homeostasis, be they real or perceived, and whether posed by events
in the outside world or from within, evoke adaptive responses that serve to defend the …

The normal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and resultant
glucocorticoid (GC) secretion, is essential for human health. Disruption of GC regulation is …

Abstract ntegrity of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is essential to survival of
vertebrate species. This neuroendocrine axis functions to coordinate neural, endocrine and …

The hypothalamo-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis comprises interactions between the
hypothalamus, the pituitary and the adrenal glands and its activation results in the release of …

Circadian time-keeping mechanisms preserve homeostasis by synchronizing internal
physiology with predictable variations in the environment and temporally organize the …

Feeding behavior is closely regulated by neuroendocrine mechanisms that can be
influenced by stressful life events. However, the feeding response to stress varies among …

The survival and well-being of all species requires appropriate physiological responses to
environmental and homeostatic challenges. The re-establishment and maintenance of …