Adenosine is one of the principal neuromodulators in the brain and acts on four specific
receptor subtypes: the A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors. Adenosine concentrations normally …

Adenosine A2A receptors are predominantly expressed in the dendrites of enkephalin-
positive γ-aminobutyric acidergic medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Evidence indicates …

The long‐duration response (LDR) is a sustained improvement in parkinsonism due to
chronic levodopa therapy and lasts after discontinuation of treatment. We have investigated …

The development and characterization of transgenic animal models with genetic
manipulation over the last decade has significantly broaded our knowledge of adenosine …

Adenosine A2A receptors have a unique cellular and regional distribution in the basal
ganglia (BG), being particularly concentrated in areas richly innervated by dopamine (DA) …

Proper execution of voluntary movements results from the correct processing of feedback
loops involving the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia (BG). The BG include a subset of …