Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induce a multi-component inflammatory response that must be
tightly regulated to avoid tissue damage. Most known regulatory mechanisms target TLR …

Abstract The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the key proteins that allow mammals—whether
immunologically naive or experienced—to detect microbes. They lie at the core of our …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induce a complex inflammatory response that functions to alert the
body to infection, neutralize pathogens, and repair damaged tissues. An excessive or …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonists induce a subset of TLR4-inducible
proinflammatory genes, which suggests the use of differential signaling pathways. Murine …

In humans, ten Toll-like receptor (TLR) paralogues sense molecular components of
microbes, initiating the production of cytokine mediators that create the inflammatory …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect microbial infection and have an essential role in the
induction of immune responses,,. TLRs can directly induce innate host defence responses …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecular patterns displayed by microorganisms, and
their subsequent activation leads to the transcription of appropriate host-defense genes …

Abstract Arising from: C. Pasare & R. Medzhitov Nature 438, 364–368 (2005); Pasare &
Medzhitov reply. Microbial components, such as lipopolysaccharides, augment immune …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize conserved microbial structures called pathogen-
associated molecular patterns. Signaling from TLRs leads to upregulation of co-stimulatory …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the principal proinflammatory component of the Gram-negative
bacterial envelope and is recognized by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)–MD-2 receptor …