Sound localization along the horizontal plane begins with comparing sound arrival times at
the two ears in the brainstem coincidence detector neurons. Coincidence detectors are …

Localization of sounds in space is a capability crucial to an animal's survival in a world full of
predators, scarce of prey, and with heavy selection pressures for mates. For neuroscientists …

The arrival times of a sound at the two ears are only microseconds apart, but both birds and
mammals can use these interaural time differences to localize low-frequency sounds …

Coincidence detection of bilateral acoustic signals in nucleus laminaris (NL) is the first step
in azimuthal sound source localization in birds. Here, we demonstrate graded expression of …

Neurons in avian nucleus laminaris (NL) are binaural coincidence detectors for sound
localization and are characterized by striking structural variations in dendrites and axon …

Interaural time difference (ITD), or the difference in timing of a sound wave arriving at the two
ears, is a fundamental cue for sound localization. A wide variety of animals have specialized …

Both the mammalian and avian auditory systems localize sound sources by computing the
interaural time difference (ITD) with submillisecond accuracy. The neural circuits for this …

The interaural time difference (ITD) is a cue for localizing a sound source along the
horizontal plane and is first determined in the nucleus laminaris (NL) in birds. Neurons in NL …

A wide variety of neurons encode temporal information via phase-locked spikes. In the avian
auditory brainstem, neurons in the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis (NM) send phase …

Understanding binaural perception requires detailed analyses of the neural circuitry
responsible for the computation of interaural time differences (ITDs). In the avian brainstem …