The establishment of marine protected areas is often viewed as a conflict between
conservation and fishing. We considered consumptive and nonconsumptive interests of …

We compared the effectiveness of marine reserve networks designed using a numerical
optimization tool with networks designed by stakeholders during the course of California's …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) that exclude fishing have been shown repeatedly to
enhance the abundance, size, and diversity of species. These benefits, however, mean little …

Although the ocean-and the resources within-seem limitless, there is clear evidence that
human impacts such as overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution disrupt marine …

As the process of marine‐protected‐area design and implementation evolves, the
incorporation of new tools will advance our ability to create and maintain effective protected …

Marine protected areas are increasingly being used to protect biologically rich habitats,
resolve user conflicts, and help restore overexploited stocks and degraded areas. The …

Overfishing and habitat destruction due to local and global threats are undermining
fisheries, biodiversity, and the long-term sustainability of tropical marine ecosystems …

In the last decade, there has been increasing interest—particularly among international
nongovernmental and multilateral development organizations—in evaluating the …

No-take marine reserves can be powerful management tools, but only if they are well
designed and effectively managed. We review how ecological guidelines for improving …

Legislated marine" protected" areas are now widely distributed throughout tropical and
temperate waters, but the nature of human activities actually restricted in any area varies …