Semi-enclosed marine systems (SEMS) are impacted on time scales ranging from the very
short (days or less) to the very long (decades and beyond) by many of the same forces and …

About Some of the world's most important bodies of water, from the Black Sea to the Bay of
Bengal, are classifi ed as' semi-enclosed marine systems'(SEMS). Separated from the open …

Semi-enclosed marine systems (SEMSs) are affected by natural processes and their
variability, by climate change and sea level rise, and by a multitude of human activities. This …

Given the diversity of human uses and natural resources that converge in coastal waters, the
potential independent and cumulative impacts of those uses on marine ecosystems are …

The US is an ocean nation—our past, present and future are inextricably connected to and
dependent on oceans and marine resources. Marine ecosystems of the US support an …

Intertidal and subtidal environments occupy the land and sea interface and are highly
susceptible to the influence of human-induced climate change and other drivers of change …

Anthropogenic climate and non-climate drivers of change are causing significant impacts on
estuarine and coastal marine environments. Climate change poses a particular threat to the …

Coastal bays and estuaries are well known for their intrinsic recreational and economic
value, yet these ecosystems are also among our most troubled natural environments. Urban …

Poised at the interface of rivers, ocean, atmosphere and dense human settlement, estuaries
are driven by a large array of natural and anthropogenic forces. San Francisco Bay …

The global ocean is stressed from all directions. Each passing day brings news of marine
degradation, continued over-exploitation, heightened conflict, and the ravages of climate …