Considerable scientific progress in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification that has
accrued in recent years is reviewed in this article. Factors regulating mesenchymal cell …

Clinical nephrologists are well aware of the consequences of pathologic mineralization
(calcification). Several studies have found a strong association between vascular and …

Abnormalities of calcium–phosphate balance, with subsequent bone metabolism disorders,
are among the key and earliest features of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, another …

Vascular calcification is an active, cell‐mediated process that results from an imbalance
between the promoters and inhibitors of mineralization. The process of vascular calcification …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis have 2-to 5-fold more coronary artery
calcification than age-matched individuals with angiographically proven coronary artery …

Vascular calcification can lead to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The initiating
factors and clinical consequences depend on the underlying disease state and location of …

Once thought to result from passive precipitation of calcium and phosphate, it now appears
that vascular calcification is a consequence of tightly regulated processes that culminate in …

Recent evidence suggests that uremic vascular calcification is an active, cell-mediated
process resembling osteogenesis in bone rather than passive precipitation. We identified …

In past decades, extraosseous (including cardiovascular) calcification was predominantly
regarded as a passive process of limited pathophysiological significance. It was thought that …

The cardiovascular risk of patients undergoing dialysis is 20–30 times higher than that of
individuals of the same age, without abnormal renal function, from the general population …