Perceived relationships with God can be a source of comfort or struggle. To advance the
study of spiritual comfort and struggle, we develop the nine-item Attitudes toward God Scale …

Many people experience what psychologists refer to as divine struggle: struggle focused on
ideas about God or a perceived relationship with God. When trying to predict this type of …

In this study we sought to address several limitations of previous research on attachment
theory and religion by (1) developing a dimensional attachment to God scale, and (2) …

Relationships between religiousness and psychological health are well established. The
primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether perceived relationship with God (ie …

This study examined the extent to which disappointment with God influenced the
psychological and spiritual well‐being of 160 churchgoers, and the potential mediating …

Anger at God has begun to receive empirical attention as a psychological construct. Studies
have shown that anger at God is common, and is often associated with various indicators of …

A person's perception of God is likely to be consistent with their personality. To investigate
this relationship, three hypotheses were tested: first, that perceiving God as caring would be …

A previous factor analytic study of the same data set was published as an incremental
validity study of a new scale (Wong-McDonald & Gorsuch, 2000). The current analysis …

Many religious individuals use ordinary social cognitions when thinking about God's
characteristics. In the absence of a generally accepted measure, we developed a measure …

Although emotion figures prominently in religious life, there has been little research on one
of the strongest religious emotions—awe of God. The purpose of this study was to embed …