Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in activation of the innate immune response in a large
number of different diseases. Despite numerous studies, the role of separate domains of …

The Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain is a highly conserved signaling domain found in
the intracellular regions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in interleukin-1 receptors, and in …

TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) recognizes dsRNA, a potent indicator of viral infection. The
extracellular domain of TLR3 dimerizes when it binds dsRNA, and the crystal structure of the …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA and transmits signals
to activate NF-κB and the interferon (IFN)-β promoter via the newly identified adaptor, TICAM …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key receptors for the activation of immune responses directed
against pathogens. Among the more than 10 identified TLRs, TLR4 is the most unique …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 are pivotal components that elicit inflammatory
responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). They have been shown to form a physical complex …

The structure of the human Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ectodomain (ECD) was recently
solved by x-ray crystallography, leading to a number of models concerning TLR3 function …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 are evolutionarily conserved, highly
homologous, and localized to plasma membranes of host cells and recognize pathogen …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecules representing danger signals via their
ectodomain, while signal transduction is provided by the cytosolic TIR domain that recruits …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 recognizes dsRNA and activates the signaling cascade leading to
production of IFN-β via an adaptor protein, TICAM-1 (also called TRIF). The interface …