To maintain genomic integrity, a cell must utilize multiple mechanisms to protect its DNA
from the damage generated by environmental agents or DNA metabolism. SUMO (small …

The cellular response to DNA damage involves multiple pathways that work together to
promote survival in the face of increased genotoxic lesions. Proteins in these pathways are …

Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers, such as SUMO, exert distinct physiological functions
by conjugating to protein substrates. Ubiquitination or SUMOylation of protein substrates …

Ubiquitylation and sumoylation, the covalent attachment of the polypeptides ubiquitin and
SUMO, respectively, to target proteins, are pervasive mechanisms for controlling cellular …

In recent years, our knowledge of the varied role that ubiquitination plays in promoting signal
amplification, novel protein interactions, and protein turnover has progressed rapidly. This is …

Sumoylation has important roles during DNA damage repair and responses. Recent broad-
scope and substrate-based studies have shed light on the regulation and significance of …

Protein modification by SUMO affects a wide range of protein substrates. Surprisingly,
although SUMO pathway mutants display strong phenotypes, the function of individual …

Upon genome damage, large-scale protein sumoylation occurs from yeast to humans to
promote DNA repair. Currently, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here we …

The complexity of living cells is primarily determined by the genetic information encoded in
DNA and gets fully disclosed upon translation. A major determinant of complexity is the …

The genome of the cell is often exposed to DNA damaging agents and therefore requires an
intricate well-regulated DNA damage response (DDR) to overcome its deleterious effects …