While pollinators and leaf herbivores have been a focus of research for decades, floral
antagonists have been studied significantly less. Since floral antagonists can be as common …

While pollinators and leaf herbivores have been a focus of research for decades, floral
antagonists have been studied significantly less. Since floral antagonists can be as common …

Premise of the Study Plants often interact simultaneously with multiple antagonists and
mutualists that can alter plant traits at the phenotypic or genetic level, subsequent plant …

Plants need to deal with antagonists, such as herbivores, while maintaining interactions with
mutualists, such as pollinators that help plants to maximize their reproductive output …

Florivores are present in many pollination systems and can have direct and indirect effects
on both plants and pollinators. Although the impact of florivores are commonly examined in …

There is a growing realization that ecological interactions take place at many scales, from
acorns to forests, and that formerly overlooked community members, particularly microbes …

Reproduction in flowering plants depends to a large degree on interactions with competitors,
mutualists, and antagonists, but may also depend on the context within which interaction …

Flowers are generally short-lived, and they all face a multidimensional challenge because
they have to attract mutualists, compel them to vector pollen with minimal investment in …

Species often interact indirectly with each other via their traits. There is increasing
appreciation of trait‐mediated indirect effects linking multiple interactions. Flowers interact …

Mutualists and antagonists are known to respond to similar floral cues, and may thus cause
opposing selection on floral traits. However, we lack a quantitative understanding of their …