In somatic cell division, cytokinesis is the final step of the cell cycle and physically divides
the mother cytoplasm into two daughter cells. In the meiotic cell division, however, pollen …

Unlike animals, where the germline is established early during embryogenesis, plants set
aside their reproductive lineage late in development in dedicated floral organs. The …

In higher plants, male meiosis is a key process of microsporogenesis and is crucial for plant
fertility. Male meiosis programs are prone to be influenced by altered temperature …

In flowering plants, the haploid gamete-forming generation comprises only a few cells and
develops within the reproductive organs of the flower. The female gametophyte has become …

Abstract Key message Advances in Fertilization. In flowering plants, fertilization is initiated
by the delivery of immotile sperm cells to the boundary between two female gametes, the …

After meiosis, an unequal cell division generates the male gamete lineage in flowering
plants. The generative cell will undergo a second division, giving rise to the two gametes, ie …

Plants have the remarkable ability to establish new cell fates throughout their life cycle, in
contrast to most animals that define all cell lineages during embryogenesis. This ability is …

The female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those
that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Although the female …

The spindle is essential for chromosome segregation during meiosis, but the molecular
mechanism of meiotic spindle organization in higher plants is still not well understood. Here …

Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric distribution of cellular components, structure, and
function within a cell. Most instances of cell polarity in plants involve single cells or groups of …