Specification of limb field and initiation of limb development involve multiple steps, each of
which is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally. Recent developmental analyses on …

Abstract Development of the vertebrate embryo involves multiple segmentation processes to
generate a functional, articulated organism. Cell proliferation, differentiation and patterning …

Before limbs or fins, can be patterned and grow they must be initiated. Initiation of the limb
first involves designating a portion of lateral plate mesoderm along the flank as the site of the …

Despite their obvious similarities, the forelimbs and hindlimbs of tetrapod vertebrates have
evolved distinct structural elements to carry out their discrete functions. Many genes required …

The limb has long been considered a paradigm for organogenesis because of its simplicity
and ease of manipulation. However, it has become increasingly clear that the processes …

Recent genetic and functional analysis of vertebrate limb development begins to reveal how
the functions of particular genes and regulatory hierarchies can drastically change over time …

While the paired forelimb and hindlimb buds of vertebrates are initially morphologically
homogeneous, as the limb progenitors differentiate, each individual tissue element attains a …

A combination of embryology and gene identification has led us to the current view of
vertebrate limb development, in which a series of three interlocking patterning systems …

The developing limb has been a very influential system for studying pattern formation in
vertebrates. In the past, classical embryological models have explained how patterned …

In gnathostomes, limb buds arise from the lateral plate mesoderm at discrete positions along
the body axis. Specification of these limb-forming fields can be subdivided into several …