Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex condition defined by
progressive airflow limitation in response to noxious stimuli, inflammation, and vascular …

Rationale Pulmonary artery enlargement (PAE) is associated with exacerbations in Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and with survival in moderate to severe patients …

Background Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are
associated with accelerated loss of lung function and death. Identification of patients at risk …

COPD is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide [1]. Pulmonary hypertension has
been associated with reduced survival among individuals with COPD [2] and is an …

Purpose Pulmonary hypertension and exercise-induced oxygen desaturation (EID)
influence acute exacerbation of COPD. Computed tomography (CT)-detected pulmonary …

Rationale The relationship between pulmonary artery size with underlying pulmonary
hypertension and mortality remains to be determined in COPD. We sought to evaluate the …

Background—Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes significant morbidity and
concomitant pulmonary vascular disease and cardiac dysfunction are associated with poor …

Background Relative pulmonary arterial enlargement, defined by a pulmonary artery to aorta
(PA/A) ratio> 1 on CT scanning, predicts hospitalization for acute exacerbations of COPD …

Background COPD is associated with significant morbidity primarily driven by acute
exacerbations. Relative pulmonary artery (PA) enlargement, defined as a PA to ascending …

Background Pulmonary vascular disease, especially pulmonary hypertension, is an
important complication of COPD. Bronchiectasis is considered not only a comorbidity of …