Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface, is common
and has a significant impact on quality of life. Reduced aqueous tear flow and/or increased …

Dry eye syndrome is a common ocular surface problem, affects 10–30% of the population,
especially in those who are older than 40 years. As a consequence of the demographic …

Clinical and laboratory studies performed over the past few decades have discovered that
dry eye is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be initiated by numerous extrinsic or …

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by loss of tear film
homeostasis with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 5% to 50%. In DED, dysfunction of …

This paper reviews current knowledge of the pathophysiology of dry eye and predicts that
the clinical picture in late disease differs in both severity and quality from that in early …

Two major forms of dry eye exist, aqueous-deficient (ADDE) and evaporative (EDE). 1 A
major inflammatory component is also recognised. 1-2 The two forms have global features in …

Objective To evaluate the evidence in the peer-reviewed literature regarding the use of tear
osmolarity as a physiological marker to diagnose, grade severity, and track therapeutic …

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disorder that remains challenging from a clinical
perspective. Unstable or deficient tear film is a major factor contributing to DED and the …

Dry eye is a complex disease characterized by changes in the ocular surface epithelia
related to reduced quality and/or quantity of tears, inflammatory reaction, and impairment of …

Dry eye disease (DED) is a commonly occurring, multifactorial disease characterized by
reduced tear film stability and hyperosmolarity at the ocular surface, leading to discomfort …