Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with poor regenerative capacity following injury, a
contributing factor to joint degenerative disease. Cell‐based therapies for cartilage tissue …

The present studies were performed to determine subtype-specific roles of mitogen-
activated protein kinase in chondrogenesis. Erk-1/2 activities, downstream of protein kinase …

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase
kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (MEK-ERK1/2) signaling pathway in …

Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) diminish inflammatory arthritis in
experimental animals. This may be effected by diminishing the production of inflammatory …

The majority of bones comprising the adult vertebrate skeleton are generated from hyaline
cartilage templates that form during embryonic development. A process known as …

Objective MAP kinase p38 is part of an intracellular signaling pathway activated by
environmental stress and inflammatory factors. Since in vitro studies show that inhibiting p38 …

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular
cartilage degradation and joint inflammation, in which growth factors are significantly …

OBJECTIVE: When primary chondrocytes are cultured in monolayer, they undergo
dedifferentiation during which they lose their phenotype and their capacity to form cartilage …

Longitudinal growth of endochondral bones is accomplished through the co-ordinated
proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes. The molecular …

The differentiated phenotype of chondrocyte is rapidly lost during in vitro culture by a
process designated" dedifferentiation." In this study, we investigate the roles of protein …