Objectives This study aims to (1) elucidate whether the Hawthorne effect exists,(2) explore
under what conditions, and (3) estimate the size of any such effect. Study Design and Setting …

In 2015, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in primary care to evaluate if
posters and pamphlets dispensed in general practice waiting rooms enhanced vaccination …

Objective There have been concerns about impacts of various aspects of taking part in
research studies for a century. The concerns have not, however, been sufficiently well …

The" Hawthorne effect" is often mentioned as a possible explanation for positive results in
intervention studies. It is used to cover many phenomena, not only unwitting confounding of …

Context Observational research is increasingly being used in health professions education
(HPE) research, yet it is often criticised for being prone to observer effects (also known as …

The Hawthorne Effect is a prevalent observer effect that causes behavioral changes among
participants of epidemiological studies or infection control interventions. The purpose of the …

This article reconsiders the interpretation of the Hawthorne effect in social science research.
For well over seventy years the research community has assumed a positivist interpretation …

Participant observation can be an excellent way to gather qualitative data and observe real
behaviours, provided the participant observer does not cause a behavioural change from …

Participation rates for epidemiologic studies have been declining during the past 30 years
with even steeper declines in recent years. This wholesale decrease in participation rate, or …

The practice of hypothesizing after results are known (HARKing) has been identified as a
potential threat to the credibility of research results. We conducted simulations using input …