Guard cells regulate stomatal pore size through integration of both endogenous and
environmental signals; they are widely recognized as providing a key switching mechanism …

Stomata, the pores formed by a pair of guard cells, are the main gateways for water
transpiration and photosynthetic CO2 exchange, as well as pathogen invasion in land …

Guard cells form stomatal pores that optimize photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake with
minimal water loss. Stomatal movements are controlled by complex signaling networks that …

Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) function in guard cell signaling has been
demonstrated, the control of ROS homeostasis remains elusive. Recent findings point to …

Highlights•Environmental regulation of stomatal apertures invokes complex signaling
networks.•Blue light-induced stomatal opening involves starch and triacylglycerol …

Guard cells can integrate and process multiple complex signals from the environment and
respond by opening and closing stomata in order to adapt to the environmental signal. Over …

The hormonal and environmental regulation of stomatal aperture is mediated by a complex
signaling pathway found within the guard cells that surround stomata. Abscisic acid (ABA) …

Guard cells perceive a variety of chemicals produced metabolically in response to abiotic
and biotic stresses, integrate the signals into reactive oxygen species and calcium …

▪ Abstract Guard cells surround stomatal pores in the epidermis of plant leaves and stems.
Stomatal pore opening is essential for CO2 influx into leaves for photosynthetic carbon …

Stomatal guard cells are functionally specialized epidermal cells usually arranged in pairs
surrounding a pore. Changes in ion fluxes, and more specifically osmolytes, within the guard …