HIV-1 was recognized as the cause of AIDS in humans in 1984. Despite 30 years of
intensive research, we are still unraveling the molecular details of the host-pathogen …

The pathogenesis of HIV infection, and in particular the development of immunodeficiency,
remains incompletely understood. Whichever intricate molecular mechanisms are at play …

Highlights•Innate sensors can recognize HIV nucleic acids and membrane-tethered
particles.•HIV proteins interact with host factors to regulate innate immune sensing of the …

HIV-1 is the single most important sexually transmitted disease in humans from a global
health perspective. Among human lentiviruses, HIV-1 M group has uniquely achieved …

Abstract HIV-1 and HIV-2 are the causal agents of AIDS. While similar in many ways, a
significant amount of data suggests that HIV-2 is less virulent than HIV-1. In fact, HIV-2 …

As obligate parasites, viruses must rely heavily on host cell machinery to replicate and
spread. Because of their relatively limited coding capacity, viruses with small genomes are …

Many studies have documented how extensively HIV-1 and related viruses interact with host
cells. Virus–host interactions are of two conceptual types. First, viruses have evolved to …

Viruses that induce chronic infections can evade immune responses. HIV is a prototype of
this class of pathogen. Not only does it mutate rapidly and make its surface components …

The vigorous host immune responses detected during primary HIV infection fail to prevent
the establishment of chronic infection because HIV has evolved multiple strategies to make …

The interplay between HIV infection and the innate immune system has emerged as an
important component of HIV pathogenesis, linked to both induction of innate immunity and …