Rationale Preclinical models of cocaine addiction in the rodent have shown that cocaine
induces both positive and negative affective states. These observations have led to the …

Ultrasonic vocalizations in the 50 kHz range (50 kHz USVs) are emitted by rodents upon
activation of positive affective states and appear to be a direct measure of internal emotional …

Rationale The motivational impetuses underlying self-administration of cocaine and other
drugs of abuse are not fully understood. One emerging factor is affect. Both positive and …

Rationale Clinical and preclinical evidence indicates that the setting of drug use affects drug
reward in a substance-specific manner. Heroin and cocaine co-abusers, for example …

While anxiety appears to characterize humans who administer high doses of cocaine or
experience withdrawal from cocaine, it is difficult to capture this aspect of cocaine effects in …

After termination of a self-administered cocaine “binge,” rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations
(USVs) and these calls may represent affective distress. The present study investigated …

The present review describes ways in which ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) have been
used in studies of substance abuse. Accordingly, studies are reviewed which demonstrate …

Human cocaine abusers report that they experience intense anxiety during withdrawal from
chronic use or “binging”. Because the symptoms of cocaine withdrawal are not easily …

Rationale The role of negative affect as a motivational factor in animal models of drug
addiction has been underexplored in the context of cocaine self-administration. Objectives …

Illicit drug use remains a pervasive problem despite decades of research documenting its
harmful effects. This chapter discusses how positive and negative drives work together to …