The central nervous system's extrapyramidal system provides involuntary motor control to
the muscles of the head, neck, and limbs. Toxicants that affect the extrapyramidal system are …

Functional models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have led to effective treatment for the motor
symptoms. Toxin‐based models, such as the 6‐hydroxydopamine–lesioned rat and 1 …

Studies have implicated methamphetamine exposure as a contributor to the development of
Parkinson's disease. There is a significant degree of striatal dopamine depletion produced …

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the current knowledge of Parkinson's disease (PD)
induced by neurotoxic compounds. PD is a multifactorial disease caused by both genetic …

Parkinsonism must be viewed as a final common pathway resulting from a variety of
neuropathological lesions which interfere with the integrity of the nigrostriatal system or its …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting
over 10 million people worldwide. In the 1930s and 1940s there was little understanding …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological movement disorder primarily resulting from
damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. To elucidate the pathogenesis …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the interplay between the laboratory and the
clinic in analyzing the biological bases of parkinsonism arid formulating a rational approach …

Toxin-induced and genetic experimental models have been invaluable in investigating
idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The neurotoxins—reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine (6 …

The discovery of profound dopamine depletion of basal ganglia in patients with Parkinson's
disease and the development of antiparkinsonian drug therapy were largely based on …