Justine has more than 18 years of experience in the veterinary industry and is a board-
certified emergency critical care veterinary specialist and toxicologist as well as the CEO …

Pleural effusion is a common finding in veterinary practice. 1 The pleural space is normally a
potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura. Usually, it contains 3-5 ml of a low …

A wide variety of diseases result in accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which causes
respiratory compromise as the expansion of the lungs is inhibited. Pleural effusions are …

Pleural effusion is a relatively common cause of respiratory distress in the dog and cat. Both
species are affected by a variety of types of effusion, with numerous causes and variable …

Pleural effusions in dogs and cats can be caused by various diseases, but the basic
approach to diagnosis and management is similar in all patients. Affected animals can be …

Pleural effusions in dogs and cats can be caused by various diseases, but the basic
approach to diagnosis and management is similar in all patients. Affected animals can be …

The pleural cavity, a potential space formed by the visceral and parietal pleura, is divided
into a right and left pleural cavity separated by the mediastinum. There is controversy in …

THORACOCENTESIS Thoracocentesis should be performed prior to taking radiographs in
dyspneic animals in which pleural effusion is suspected. Removal of even small amounts of …

• Jugular venous distention or pulsations and auscultation of murmurs, gallops, and
arrhythmias are signs suggestive of cardiogenic pleural effusion. Pleural effusion can be …