Although epidemiological evidence on the role of active cigarette smoking in breast cancer
risk has been inconsistent, recent literature supports a modest association between smoking …

The results of epidemiologic studies of the association between cigarette smoking and
breast cancer risk have been inconsistent. In spite of the inconsistency, several recent …

Background The relationship between active cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk
remains controversial because of unresolved issues of confounding and dose response …

Animal experiments and in vitro studies have shown that compounds found in tobacco
smoke, such as polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, and N-nitrosamines, may induce …

The association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk remains unclear. Few
studies have examined cigarette smoking of very long duration as there may not have been …

The effect of smoking on breast cancer risk has been null in large, well-conducted cohort
studies. In a previous study, we stratified the population into active smokers, passive …

The relation between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk was investigated in a
multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy on 2,569 women with incident …

Recent cohort studies suggest that increased breast cancer risks were associated with
longer smoking duration, higher pack‐years and a dose‐response relationship with …

Background: The possible association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk
has been quite controversial. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta …

Epidemiological studies have implicated smoking as a possible risk factor in the etiology of
breast cancer, yet the evidence is not conclusive. We conducted meta-analyses of peer …