Even though smoking rates have long been on the decline, nicotine addiction still affects
20% of the US population today. Moreover, nicotine dependence shows high comorbidity …

There is a well-established connection between smoking and depression. Depressed
individuals are over-represented among smokers, and ex-smokers often experience …

Nicotine can both activate and desensitize/inactivate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
(nAChRs). An ongoing controversy in the field is to what extent the behavioral effects of …

Nicotine has been shown to have effects on anxiety and depression in both human and
animal studies. These studies suggest that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) can …

The co-morbidity between smoking and mood disorders is striking. Preclinical and clinical
studies of nicotinic effects on mood, anxiety, aggression, and related behaviors, such as …

Human epidemiological studies have identified links between nicotine intake and stress
disorders, including anxiety, depression and PTSD. Here we review the clinical evidence for …

Nicotine, the addictive component of cigarette smoke has profound effects on the brain.
Activation of its receptors by nicotine has complex consequences for network activity …

Rationale Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are a critical component of the
cholinergic system of neurotransmission in the brain that modulates important physiological …

Nicotine is a highly addictive drug found in tobacco that drives its continued use despite the
harmful consequences. The initiation of nicotine abuse involves the mesolimbic dopamine …

A major hurdle in defining the molecular biology of nicotine addiction has been
characterizing the different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in the brain …