As of today, the level of individualization of cancer therapies has reached a level that 20
years ago would be considered visionary. However, most of the diagnostic, prognostic, and …

Detecting and/or monitoring changes in circulating tumor markers might assist in evaluating
cancer risk, diagnosis, prognosis, or response to treatment. Several categories of circulating …

Biomarkers are the key to personalized treatment in patients with breast cancer. While tissue
biomarkers are most useful in determining prognosis and upfront predicting response to …

The clinical application of circulating tumor markers remains a controversial subject in terms
of useful methods and correct interpretation of findings. In particular and despite numerous …

Breast cancer treatment is improving due to the introduction of new drugs, guided by
molecular testing of the primary tumour for mutations/oncogenic drivers (eg HER2 gene …

Circulating proteinic biomarkers are secreted by tumor cells or by their environmental cells
and they have a variable specificity. In case of breast cancer, carcino-embryonic antigen …

Reviews on circulating biomarkers in breast cancer usually focus on one single biomarker or
a selective group of biomarkers. An overview summarizing the discovery and evaluation of …

Breast cancer ranks first among female cancer-related deaths in Western countries. As the
primary tumor can often be controlled by surgical resection, the survival of women with …

A large number of markers have been proposed for breast cancer, but among them only CA
15.3, CEA and cytokeratins (ie TPA, TPS and Cyfra 21.1) are currently used in clinical …

Circulating blood biomarkers promise to become non-invasive real-time surrogates for
tumour tissue-based biomarkers. Circulating biomarkers have been investigated as tools for …