We used Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal effects of the liver enzymes,
alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma …

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which pancreatic β cells
are killed by infiltrating immune cells and by cytokines released by these cells. This takes …

Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that genetic variation at>
130 gene loci is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We asked if the expression of the …

Metformin is used as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prescribed for
numerous other diseases. However, its mechanism of action in the liver has yet to be …

Background: An understanding of whether homocysteine is a cause or a marker of
increased blood pressure is relevant because blood homocysteine can be effectively …

Establishing causality of risk factors is important to determine the pathogenetic mechanisms
underlying rheumatic diseases, and can facilitate the design of interventions to improve care …

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common, multifactorial disease that is influenced by
genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. However, common variants …

Delta-5 desaturase (D5D) and delta-6 desaturase (D6D), encoded by fatty acid desaturase 1
(FADS1) and FADS2 genes, respectively, are enzymes in the synthetic pathways for ω3, ω6 …

Generally, obese and overweight individuals display higher free fatty acid levels, which
stimulate insulin resistance. The combination of overweight or obesity with insulin resistance …

Aims To examine the seasonality and effects of temperature on levels of fasting plasma
glucose (FPG). Methods We collected health data from the Kailuan cohort study. FPG, blood …