Checkpoint blockade therapy has been proven to be highly active across many cancer types
but emerging evidence indicates that the therapeutic benefit is limited to a subset of patients …

Abstract Anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized
the treatment of many types of cancer over the past decade. The initial therapeutic …

Immune checkpoint therapies (ICT) can reinvigorate the effector functions of anti-tumour T
cells, improving cancer patient outcomes. Anti-tumour T cells are initially formed during their …

The immune system has the potential to recognize and eliminate tumor cells, and failed
immune surveillance contributes to cancer development. Many immunotherapeutics …

The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has highlighted the central role of the
immune system in cancer control. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can reinvigorate anti-cancer …

Checkpoint blockade has formally demonstrated that reactivating anti-tumor immune
responses can regress tumors. However, this only occurs in a fraction of patients …

The tumour microenvironment plays a dual role in cancer: it can promote tumour
progression by establishing pro‐tumour survival conditions but can also suppress tumour …

Background: Cancer patients often display dysfunctional antitumor T-cell responses.
Because noteworthy benefits of immune checkpoint pathway blockade, such as …

Immunotherapeutic interventions are showing effectiveness across a wide range of cancer
types, but only a subset of patients shows clinical response to therapy. Responsiveness to …

Incapacitated immune system is a characteristic hallmark of solid tumors. Immune system
within a tumor undergoes an imbalance in cellular dispersion and functionality. Effector cells …