Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common
cancers in HBV-endemic regions, with irreversible progression and poor prognosis. HBV …

Background/aims: Hepatitis B infection is a well‐known cause of hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC). This study aims to investigate the role that the co‐stimulatory molecule CD28 and co …

Background and Aims CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a new subset of immune cells,
have been demonstrated to be involved in the development and prognosis of tumors …

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer death
worldwide and hepatitis B is one of the commonest causes. T regulatory cells (Tregs) are …

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically develops in cirrhotic livers, with
increased programed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) …

Abstract Programmed death 1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1) play pivotal roles in regulating
host immune responses. However, the inhibitory effects of this pathway on the function of …

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents one of the most common and aggressive
cancers worldwide, as it typically displays irreversible progression and poor prognosis …

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents one of the most common and aggressive
cancers worldwide. The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction plays important roles in cancer immunology …

Abstract As PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibited promising clinical outcomes
in various types of solid tumors, PD-1/PD-L1 blockades have been explored for the …

B cells often constitute abundant cellular components in human tumors. Regulatory B cells
that are functionally defined by their ability to produce IL10 downregulate inflammation and …