Human adolescence is a time of enormous developmental change, second only to infancy
and early childhood in terms of brain shaping and growth. It is also a period in life when the …

Human adolescence is arguably one of the most challenging periods of development. The
young adult is exposed to a variety of stressors and environmental stimuli on a backdrop of …

Gut microbial research has recently opened new frontiers in neuroscience and potentiated
novel therapies for mental health problems (Mayer, et al., 2014). Much of our understanding …

The gut microbiota is a vast, complex, and fascinating ecosystem of microorganisms that
resides in the human gastrointestinal tract. As an integral part of the microbiota–gut–brain …

Bidirectional communication between the gut and brain is well recognized, with data now
accruing for a specific role of the gut microbiota in that link, referred to as the microbiome …

Second only to early life, adolescence is a period of dramatic change and growth. For the
developing young adult, this occurs against a backdrop of distinct environmental challenges …

The volume and breadth of research on the role of the microbiome in neurodevelopmental
and neuropsychiatric disorders has expanded greatly over the last decade, opening doors to …

Alterations of the gut microbiota have been associated with stress-related disorders
including depression and anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). More recently …

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors a highly diverse microbial population that
plays a major role in nutrition, metabolism, protection against pathogens, and development …

It may be surprising to learn that the human gastrointestinal tract is home to 1014 bacterial
organisms. 1 In fact, there are more bacteria in the gut than there are somatic cells in the …