Heart failure is a global disease with increasing prevalence due to an aging worldwide
population with increasing co-morbidities. Despite several therapeutic options available to …

Coronary artery disease (CAD) associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction is a
condition related to poor prognosis. There is a lack of robust evidence in many aspects …

Background In the last decades, the studies performed on the field of endothelial dysfunction
confirmed the fact that the starting point of this pathology is the inflammation. Several …

It has been demonstrated that liguzinediol (2, 5-dihydroxymethyl-3, 6-dimethylpyrazine,
LZDO), a derivative of ligustrazine from Ligusticum wallichii Franch, exerts positive inotropy …

Background and Purpose Angiotensin II (Ang II), whose generation largely depends on
angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity, mediates most of the renin‐angiotensin …

Introduction: Hypertension and diabetes are two of the most important modifiable risk factors
for cardiovascular and renal disease. The majority of patients with diabetes also have high …

Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca é uma síndrome clínica complexa de caráter sistêmico,
definida como disfunção cardíaca que ocasiona inadequado suprimento sanguíneo para …

Hypertension and diabetes are related disorders that share common pathophysiological
pathways and occur together. Although hypertension itself is a risk factor for developing …

Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is steadily rising in the US, both in the
general population and among those with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding …

Medications that affect the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) form the mainstay
of current heart failure (HF) therapy in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Concerns …