Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are devastating opportunistic infections that result in
significant morbidity and death in a broad range of pediatric patients, particularly those with …

For more than a century, diabetic patients have been considered immunosuppressed due to
defects in phagocytosis and microbial killing. We confirmed that diabetic mice were …

Background Cryptococcus can cause meningoencephalitis (CM) among previously healthy
non-HIV adults. Spinal arachnoiditis is under-recognized, since diagnosis is difficult with …

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains in Toll-like receptors are essential for initiating and
propagating the eukaryotic innate immune signaling cascade. Here, we investigate TirS, a …

The advantages of antibiotics have been most clearly seen in those acute bacterial
infections which had a high mortality before the introduction of antibiotics. The reality of the …

Candida albicans is a ubiquitous mucosal commensal that is normally prevented from
causing acute or chronic invasive disease. Neutrophils contribute to protection in oral …

The development of nontoxic broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs in the mid-20th century led
to a culture of empiricism, underdevelopment of diagnostics, neglect of immunotherapy, and …

Mediterranean Sea ecosystems are considered as hotspots of biological introductions,
exposed to possible negative effects of non–indigenous species. In such temperate marine …

The past decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in invasive fungal infections,
especially caused by different species belonging to the Candida genus. Nowadays, even …

BACKGROUND Leaf‐cutter ants are considered to be a major herbivore and agricultural
pest in the Neotropics. They are often controlled by environmentally persistent insecticides …